A - the first Jetter and vowel of the Visayan Alphabet ("Abakada"), having only two pronunciations: t:1at of the open vowel sound pro­nounced like the  plain Spanish "a", as in "kami", "kita", and that of the closed or glottal vowel sound, whose pronunciation has no equiva­ lent in Spanish or English and must be learned by actual experience, as in  "dula, "sala", "baba. When the glottal vowel is unaccented, it is indicated by the sign ( ' ) ; when it has an acute accent, it is indi­ cated by the sign ( "' ). These signs are employed with the rest of the vowels having glottal sound.

a, indef. art. (some) og;  (one) usa ka. og is often contracted as: I saw a man. nakakita ako'g tawo. a few. piJa. man:r a man, daghan'g tawo.

abaca, n. abaka. abaca plantation, ka­ abakahan. having abaca plantation, abakahan.

aback, adv. (toward the back) paing6n sa Jikud; (backward) sa sinib6g; nga nagsib6g. go aback, -sibog. be taken  aback,  -kurat• ;  -hikurat*; -kugang•; -hikugang•; -kignat, -hi­ pugwat•; -hingangha•; -himaling­ ka•.

abaft, I. prep. (in the rear of) likud. II. adv. (at the stern) sa ulin; (to­ ward the stern) paing6n sa ulin.

abandon, I. v.t. (give up entirely; de­ sert; forsake) -biya; -bulag; (leave behind) -talikud; (cast away) -salikway; (yield oneself /unre­ strainedly)  -pabiya;  -pahinunut; -patinunut; -pahiuyon; -patiuyon. he abandoned himself to vices, nag­ patuyang, nagpasagad, siya sa mga kahilayan. II. n. (careless freedom of action) pabiya; (letting oneself go) patinunut; patiuyon. reckless abandon, patuyang; pasagad.

abandoned, adj. (deserted; forsaken) biniyaan; binulagan; tinalikdan; si­ nalikway; (unrestrained) pabiya; patinunut; patiuyon; (wicked) da­ otan; tampalaaan ; banyaga. aban­ doned place, biniyaan, or awaaw nga dapit.

abandonment, ri. (abandoning) pag­ biya; pagbulag; pagtalikud; (being abandoned) pag/kabiniyaan; pag/ kabinulagan; pag/katinalikdan; pag kasinalikway; (abandon) pabi­ ya; patinunut; patiuyon; (reckless abandon or wantonness) patuyang; pasagad.

abase, v.t. (bring down; make lower) -paubus; -paus'us; -pakubus; -pa­ kunhod; (make humble; humiliate; degrade) .tpahiubus; -paunlod; (dis­ honor) -pakaulaw.

abasement, n. (act of abasing) pag­ paubus; pagpaus'us; pagpaunlod; (state of being abased) pagkaubus; kaubsanan; pagkaus'us; kaus'usan; pagkaunlod; kaunluran.

abash, v.t. (make ashamed) -paulaw; (make/one/blush) -palipaghong; (put to confusion ; confound) -pali­ bog; (make embarrassed) -pahi­ mut'ok; -patingf.

abate, v.i. (decrease) -kubus; -kun­ hod; (subside; ebb; wane) -kuntat, -kutat; -lurang; -tang'on; (dimi­ nish shrink, or narrow, as flood, etc.) -kipus; -kiyos; (stop) -hunong; -undang. -  v.t. (lessen) -pakubus; -pakunhod; -paminos; (check) -san- ta: -sumpo; -sugpo; -balda; (suJ>­ press) -pi6g; (pul an end to) -wag­ tang;  -hanaw;  (relieve;  palliate) -hupay; -lukmay; -puypuy; (make subside) -pakuntat; -palurang; pu­ tang'on.

abatement, n. ( decrease) pagkubus: pagkunhod; (a subsiding) pagkun­ tat; pagkutat; paglurang; pag­ tang'on; (diminution in size) pag­ kipus; pagkiyos.

abattoir, n. (slaughterhouse) balay­ ihawan.

abbess, n. (woman who is the head of an abbey or nuns) abadesa (Span.). abbey, n. (a monastery or convent) monasteryo (Span.     monasterio) ; konbento (Span. convento); (the monks living there) mga monghe (Span. monje) ; (nuns living there) mga mongha  (Span. monja).

abbot, n. (man who is the head of an abbey or monks) abad (Span.).

abbreviate,    v. t.     (shorten)     -mubo; (bob)  -pugdol; -kib61;  (diminish) -kubus; -kunhod; (compress; shrink) -kipus; (short-cut) -laktod; (hasten) -dali ; -daklit; -lakbit; -lagmit.

abbreviation, n. (act of shortening) pagmubo; pagpugdol; pagkib6l; pagkubus; papakunhod; pagpaki­ pus; pagpalaktod; pagpalakbit; (state of being sh9rtened) paku­ bus; papakunhod ; pagpakipus; pag­ palaktod; pagpalakbit; (state of be­ ing shortened) kamub-anan; ka­ pugdulan ; kakibulan; kakubsanan; kakunhuran; J<akipusan; kalaktu­ ran; kalakbitan · (shortened form) minubo; pinugdol; kinib61; (short­ cut) lin ktod.

abdicate ,v.t. (resign from) -luwat; (relinquish; renounce) -biya; -bulag. -v.i. (resign from duty, etc) -lu­ wat; (give up or withdraw) -hawa. abdication, n. pagluwat; pagbiya; pagbulag.

abdomen, n. tiyan (paunch; potbelly) pus-on.

abdominal,  adj. sa tiyan. abdominal pain, sakit sa tiyan; suul.

abduct, v.t. (carry off a person. sur­ reptitiously or by for e) -taban; (kidnap) -dagit; -salonit; (steal away) -kawat.

abduction, n. pagtaban; pagdagit; pag­ sakmit.

abed, adv. sa higdaan ; nga naghigda.

aberrant, adj. malaagon; masaagon; matipason ; masalaypon.

aberration, n. (straying from the right course) pagsaag; pagsalaag; paghisaag; paghisalaag; (deviation from a standard) pagtipa.s; (wan­ dering) paglaag; (wandering from truth or rectitude) sayup; (abnor­ mal behaviour) kalapasan; (pl.) kasalaypan; katipasan.

abet, v.t. (help) -tabang; -abag; (co­ operate with) -bulig; (encourage) -dasig;  -sibot;  (incite;  instigate) -sugyot;  -aghat;  -agda;  -awhag; -hulhog; (excite) -paukyab; -pukaw; (entice; inveigle) -daldal; -haylo.

abeyance, n. (waiting) paghulat; (ex­ pectancy) pagpaabot; pagdahum; (suspended  activity)  pagkalangan. in abeyance, (in suspense) nga na­ langan; nga gihulatan pa; (latent) tinago; naa apan dill makita; pulukawon; (awaiting) nga naghulat, or nagpaabot. hold in abeyance, -hu­ la.t ; -langan; -undang sa makadiyut; ayaw paglihok.

abhor, v.t. (hate; abominate) -dwnut; (detest) -tamay; -yubit; -biaybiay; (regards with disgust; loathe) -si­ lag•, -ligutgut•; (dislike; disdain; spurn) -ayad.

abhorrence, n. (hatred; detestation) pagdumut; (disgust) kasilag; kali­ gutgut; kalagot; kapungut; (hor­ ror) kalisang; (feeling of repug­ nance) kaluud; pagbati'g kangil-ad, or kangilngig. he felt abhorrence, giluuran, gingil'aran, or gingilngi­ gan, siya.

abhorrent, adj. (hateful) kadumtan; (detestable) talamayon; (disgU.St­ ing) makapasilag; makapalagot; makapaligutgut; (causing horror; horrible) makalilisang; (repug­ nant; repulsive) maluud; mangil­ ngig; mangil'ad; dili masingo; (hair-raising) makapalimbawot.

abide,  v.  i.  (dwell,  reside)  -puyo; -estar (Span.) ; (remain; stay) -p ­ bilin; (continue in a certain condi­ tion) -padayon; -lungtad; -tunhay ; (stand firm) -lahutay. abide by, -tu.man;    -uyon;     -nunut;     -sugut; -sunud. -      v.t.  (wait for) -hulat; -paabot; (endure; withstand; bear) -antos; -sagubang; -agwanta (Span. aguantar) ; -pas'an; (tolerate) -tu­ got; -pailub.

abiding,  adj.  (remaining)  mapuy' non; mapabilinon; (steadfast m purpose) mapadayunon; malungta­ ron; matunhayon; makanunayon; malahutayon.

ability, n. (power) gahum; kagahum; (capability; capacity)) kaarang; (skill) kaabtik; pag/kamaabtik; kaliksi ; pag /kamaliksi ; (dexterity ; (aptitude) kahana.s; pag/kamaha­ na.s; kabatid; kaanad; (cleverness) kalisto; kaantigo; (ski11, knack, feat, or trick) kalaki; (ingenious­ ness; resourcefulness; inventh·e­ ness) kaigmat; pag kamaigmat: (pl. talents or gifts, wealth or means) kaarangan. to the best of my ability, kutub sa ako'ng mahi­ mo, or magabum. show one's ability, -pakalaki.

abject. adj. (wretched) daotan; (mis­ erable) alaot; makalolooy; (worth­ less) wala"y puhis; wala'y hinung­ dan; (mean; low) ubus; (deserv­ ing contempt) talamayon; (looking unpleasant) maot.

abjection, n. pag/kadaotan; kaalaot; pag/kamakalolooy; pagjkatalama­ yon; kaubus ; kamaot.

abjure, v.t.  (repudiate) -salikway; -pidya; (renounce)  -biya; (spurn) -ayad;  (refuse)  -dumili;  (retract) -bakwi; (renounce upon oath; for- swear) -panumpa, pagbiya.

abjuration, n. pagsalikway; pagbiya; pagp,tnump1 pagbiya; pagbakwi. ablaze, adv. & adj. (on fire) nga na sunog; (well alight) nga nagasiga; (in a blaze) nga nagasilab, nga nagasilaub; (inflamed) nagadilaab; (eager, inflamed with desire) ma­ tinguhaon ; mainiton ; madasigon ; madilaabon; (respondent) masilaw; masilawon; rnasilakon. be ablaze, -silab; -silaub; -dilaab.

able, adj. (having power) may gahum; may kagahum; makagahum; (hav­ ing capaeity) arang; sarang; maka­ himo; makama6; (having the skill or competence) ma/abtik; ma/liksi; (dexterous; apt) ma/hanas; batid; anad; (clever) Jisto (Span.) ; antigo; (having the knack, or trick) may kalak1 ;   (ingenious:  resourceful; inventive) ma/igmat; (showing talent or knowledge) mahibal6; ma/ antigo; (possessed of power. means, or ability) mny kaarangan; (qua­ lified) angayan; takus; (bodily strong) ma/baskog; ma/piskay. be able to, maka-; makahimo pag-; arang, or sarimg, maka-.able.bodied, adj. maayo'g Jawas; ma/ baskog, or ma/p1skay, og lawas; may igo'ng kus6g sa lawas; lawa­ son; kuagan; (brawny, muscul r, or thick-set) ma/himsog; ma/t1g­ son.

ablution, n. (washing) panghugas; panghunaw; (cleaning) panglinis.

abnepte, v.t.  (deny to oneself; re­fuse) -dumih; (restrain to oneself) -pugong; (re)ect) -salikway; (spurn) -ayad.

abnegation, n. (act of renunciation) pagdumill; pagpug6ng; (self-denial) pagdiU, or pagpug6ng, sa kaugali­ ngon

abnormal, adj. (not customary) dill inandan · wala maandi ; din binata­ san; wafa batasani; (not ordinary) dill kasagaran; dill sagad; (very different from the ordinary con­ ditions) lahi (sa naandan) ; (rare) 'talagsa ; panagsa ; (ex_traordinary) talagsa6n; ulusahon; lmafo_;(a_yrk­ ward; clumsy; ungainly) bak1kaw; salikwaut; kiwag; (deformed; awry) hiwi; hibat kibag; baliko; baluktot. aboard, I. adv. sulud sa sakaya.n; sa­ kay sa bap6r, etc.; sulud sa sakya­ nan· sakay sa awto, etc. II. prep. sakiy. all aboard! saka.y na ! tana! go aboard, -sakay. take aboard, -pa­sakay.

abode, n. (place to live in; dwelling) puy'anan puluy'anan; pinuy'anan; gipuy'an; pamuy'anim; (house) ba­ lav. take abode, -puyo.

abolish, v.t. (annul; put an end to; obliterate) -wala; -wagtang; -h ­ naw; (efface) -panas ; -papas ; -pa.la; (do away with) -papha; (extermi­ nate; make extinct) -puo; (revoke) -bakwi: -kuha.

abolition,  n.  (abolishing)  pagwala; pagwagtang; paghanaw; pagpanas; pagpapas: pagpaln; pagpapha; pag­ puo: (being abolished) pagkawala; kawalaan; pagkawagtang; kawagta• ngan; pngkahanaw; kahunawan; pagkapanas; kapanasan; pagkapa• pas; kapapasan; pagkapala; kapa­ laan ; pagkapapha; kapaphaan; pag­ kanuo: kapuohan.

abominable, adj. (disgusting) maka­pasilag; makapalagot; (hateful) ka­ dumtan; (detestable) talamayon; salawayon; (loathsome) makapalu­ ud; mangilngig; mangil'ad; (un­ clean) ma/hugaw.

abominate, v.t. (hate; detest) -dumut; (despise;  deride) -tamay:  -yubit: -biaybiay;     -bugalbugal;      (dislike) -ayad; (regard with feeling of dis-gust)  -silag•; -ligutgut•.

abomination, n. (a feeling of disgust) kasilag; kalagot; kaligutgut; ka­ pungut; (loathing) pagbati'g kaluod, kangilngig, kun. kangil-ad; (an object greatly disliked or abhorred) gikadumtan; gikaayran; gikalud'­ an; gikangil'aran; gikangilngigan; (defilement; pollution) kahugawan.

aboriginal,  adj.  (original)  kagika­nan; (primitive) karaan; (existing from the beginning) sinugdanan; (native; indigenous) lumad.

aborigines, n. pl. mga karaan'g molup­ yo; mga gikagikanan; mga gikali­ watan. 

abort, v.i. (miscarry in birth) -kuha­ an. she aborted, nakuhaan siya (og bata sa tiyan).

aborticide, n. pagkuha sa bata gikan sa tiyan; pagpatay sa bata suh1d sa tiyan.

abortifacient. n. tambal i.sroatay sa bata sa tiya.n.

abortion, n. (untimely birth) ahat nga paghimugso ; (expelling of human foetus before it is viable) pagkuha sa bata gikan sa tiyan; aborsy6n (Span. aborcion); (being expelled) pagkuha  sa bata; (a premature failure) ahat nga kapakyasan; (that which falls short of maturity by arrest of development) ibid. ·

abortive, adj. (unsuccesful) wala mo­ lampos; wala'y kalampusan; dili ma­ lampuson; (fruitless) wala'y bunga; dill mabungahon; (withou.t results) wala'y sangputanan, kun kasangpu­ tan; dili masangputon; (failing in effect) mapakyason; (born prema­ turely) ahat og paghimugso; (not developed properly) alang'alang; (arrested in development) ibid; (producing abortion) makapak\lha'g bata sa tiyan.

abound, v.i. (be plentiful) daghan; buh6ng; (be rich) adunahan; dato; (be filled) -puno*; -hup6ng*; -tu­ gub*; (teem; appear in enormous quantity) -dagsang.

abounding, adj. (plenteous) daghan; ma/buh6ng; (overflowing) pu:10; hup6ng; tugup; (teeming) nagdag­ sang.

about, I. prep. (of; concerning) maha­tungud; bahin; (connected with) Jabot; (somewhere near in) duul; dul'an sa; (on every side of) luy6'g­ luy6; (on or near one's perso ) Ii­ bot; (on the point of) hapit; dinha, diha; didto. about to, meaning "on the point of", followed by an infi­ nitive, may be expressed in Visa­ yan by the prefix ka- + root-verb suffix, accent on the last sylla­ ble, as in kadaganon, about to run; or by the infix -um- + root-verb 'accented on the last, as in durna­ dagan, about to run. walk about town, -laka.w'lakaw, kun -suroysu­ roy, sa lungsod. what are you qua­ relling about? unsay gikalalisan, kun gilalisan, ninyo? think about, -hunahuna. about two o'clock, mga ikaduha'ng takna; mga alas-dos. about this size, mga ing6n niini'ng gidak'on(a). I have no money about me, wala ak6'y kwarta dinhi ka.na­ ko. II. adv. (approximately) ka­ pin kun kulang; raga; (nearly; al­ most) duul; dul-an; hapit; (nearby) sa duul; sa haduul; (on every di­ rection) sa iuy6'g-luy6; (in every direction) sa bisan diin; sa bisan asa; (to and from) ngadto-nganhi; (here and there) dinhi'g-didto; din­ hi'g-diha. face about, -biyo'g tunga. be about one's business, -atiman; -atubang (sa buhat).

about-face, I. n. (a halfway turn) bi­ yo'ng tunga. ( a sudden reversal in principle, etc.) pagbali; pagpaH.ng. make an about-face, -bali; -palin . II. v.i. (make a halfway turn). -biyo'g tunga.

above, I. prep. (in or to a higher place than) ibabaw; i'.....as; (superior ) labaw; (exceeding) labi; (more m quantity or number then) labaw; daghan pa; ubay'ubay pa. above my reach, dill ko makab'ot. above my strength, labaw sa ako'ng kus6g. above all, ibabaw sa tana.n; labaw sa tanan; labi sa tanan ; una sa ta­ nan above all else, labaw sa bisa.n unsa pa. above ten members, kapin sa napulo ka sakup. be above some-. thing, -paibabaw; -palabaw. II. adv. (in or to a higher place) sa ibabaw; sa itaas; (overhead) sa ibabaw; (in heaven) sa Langit;sa kahitas'an; sa kaibabwan. III. adj. & n. (higher in rank or power) labaw ; hataas ; (pre­ ceding) ibabaw; itaas;    giingon: unahan. from above, giknn sa iba­ baw; gikan sa itaas; gikan sa Langit ; gikan sa Dios.

aboveboard, adj. & adv. (in open sight) nga dayag; nga makita.; (without trickery) nga wala'y 1ipud- 1ipod.

aboveground, adv. & adj. (alive) nga buhi.

above-mentioned, adj. giing6n, giasoy, gihisgutan, sa it.a.as.

abrade, v.t. (wear away by rubbing) -gasgas; (chafe) -pangus; -pilas; (scrape off) -kagis; -kiskis; -kus­ kus ; -kagod ; -kagos ; (corrode, as by acids) -kutkut; (erode) -kan­ kan.

abrasion, n. (a wearing away) gasgas; (chafe) pangus; pilas, gadlas (sa panit).

abreast, adv. & adj. (side by side) nga nag'abay; nga nagtupad; nga nagbuyon; sa luy6'g-1uy6; nga nag­ laray; nga naglumbay. four abreast, upat sa atubangan; sa tinagup'at. abreast of, or with, time, tupad, kun buyon, sa panahon.

abridge, v.t. Same as abbreviate.

abridgement, n. Same as abbreviation. abroad, adv. <outdoors) sa gawas; sa gula; (in a foreign country or land) sa langyaw; sa lain'g dapit; gawas sa nasod; (widely) sa bisan diin; sa bisan asa; sa nagkalainlain'g dapit. go abroad, .Jangyaw. spread abroad, -kaylap; -sangyaw. be all abroad, -sayup• ; -saag•. set abroad, -butyag; -sangyaw.

abrogate, v.t. (annul; obliterate) -wa­ la; -wagtang; -hanuw; (put an end to) -tapos; (exterminate) -puo; (re­ peal;  do  away  with)  -salikway; -papha; (cancel; efface) -panas; -pa­ pas; -pala; (retract) -bakwi.

abrogation, n. (abrogating) pagwaln; pagwagtang; paghanaw; pagtapos; pagpuo; pagpapha; pagpanas; pag­ papa.s; pagpala ; pagbakwi ; ( being abrogated) pagkawala; kawalaan; pagkawagiang; kawagtangan; pag­ kahanaw; kahanawan; pagkatapos; katapuaan; pagkapuo; kapuohan; pagkapapha; kapaphaan; pagkapa­ nas ; kapanasan ; pagkapapas; ka­ papasan; pagkapala; kapalaan; pag-kabakwi; kabakwfan.

abrupt, adj. (sudden) hinanah; kalit; daklit; lagmit; (precipitious; rash hasty) dinali; hinali; dinalian; hi­ naya.k; (suddenly terminating) un­ tup; (steep) tiptip; tuktuk; hanga­ ron; saka6n; (rough; blunt) bagis. abruptly, adv. sa hinanali; sa kalit; sa hinayak.

abscess, n. kabahong; hubag. abscond, v.i. (depart secretly) -yuhut; ( ee and hide) -layas; -lagyo; -la­ giw; -kagyo; -kagiw; -tago; -ipsot · -lighot.                                                 '

absence, n. (being away; being not her:, t ere, or lsewhere) pag/ka­ wala diha; (failure to be present) pag/kawala makatambong; pag/ka­ wala makatungha; (omission) pag­ sal'ang; (lack) kakulang; (in the army, going out without official leave) pag'awol; (skipping from class, etc.) pagsibat. in the absence o , (in the lack of) sa kakulang sa; (m the place of) ilis sa. he has many absence, daghan ang iya'ng mga aal'ang, kun nasal'angan; na­ kasal'ang, kun nakapalta, siya'g daghan.

absent, I. adj. (away; not present) wala. dinhi, diha, kun didto: warn. motambong; wala motungha ;. (lack­ ing; wanting) kulang. be absent, (not to be or not to exist) wala. di­ ha, (be lacking) -kulang; -palta (Span. falta). don't be absent in school, ayaw pagsal'ang sa saring IT. v.t. (keep away from) wala mo­ tambong; wala motungha; -sal'ang; (skip) -sibat; (go away without of­ ficial leave) -awol.

absentee, n. tigsal'ang; dih tigtungha; dill tigtumbong.

absently, adv. (without paying at­ tention) sa wala'y paminaw; sa wa­ la'y pagpamatl.

absent-minded, adj. (inattentive) wa­ la'y pagpaminaw, kun pagpamati; (wandering in thought) laynw og hunahuna; naglayawlayaw; lata­ ga.w og hunahuna; (forgetful) gia­ bungaw; abungaw6n; malimtanon ; giang6ang6; angoangoh6n ; (care­ less, heedless, inattentive, neglect­ ful) tanga; danghag.

absent-mindedness, n. pag/kawala'y pagpaminaw; kalayaw'g hunahuna; kalatagaw'g huna.huna; pag/kaabu­ ngawon; pag/karnalimtanon; ka­ angoango.

absolute, adj. (perfect) hingpit; (com­ plete) tuman; bug'os; lubus; tim'­ os; (pure) Iunsay; tunay; dalisay; (real; actual) tinuud; (certain) matuud; rnatino; (free from con­ trol) gawas; (free from restric­ tion) wala'y kuto; wala.'y pug6ng; (unlimited) walay kutub, kun kinu­ tuban; wala'y utlanan; (unlimited in power) makagagahum; (fixed; irrevocable) dill rnabalhin; (uncon­ ditional) wala'y likoliko; wala'y tu­ go't; ma/hugut; rna/higpit; ma/ pig-ot; ma/piut; (arbitrary) mabu­ utbuuton; (despotic) madaogdau­ gon ; mahariharion; malupigon.

absolutely, adv. sa hingpit; sa tuman; sa bug'os; sa wala'y tu.got.

absolution, n. (releasing from the con­ sequences attaching to actions) pag­ palingkawas; pagpahigawas; pag­ badbad; (freeing from guilt and pu­ nishment) pagpasaylo; (forgive­ ness) pasaylo; (release from conse­ quences) pagkalingkawas; kalingka­ wasan; pagkahigawas; kahigawa­ san; pagkabadbad; kabadbaran.

absolve, v.t. (declare free from sin or blame; grant pardon for) -pasaylo; (release from the consequences at­ tach in to actions) -palingkawas; -pahigawas; (unbind) -badbad; (set -free or release) -buhi.

absorb, v.t. (suck up, as marrow, etc.) -supsup; (suck up/liquid) -suyup; (imbibe; saturate) -pasunup; -pahu­ nub; -patuhup; (engage one's at. tention or interest) -palinga; -pali­ ngaw; -paikag; -pahinam; -pahina­ngup, (suck  up/cigar or cigarette smoke)  -yupyup. be absorbed in, -lingaw•; -ikag•. be absorbed in thoughts, -hinuktuk.

absorbent, I. adj. masuyupon; mapa­ sunupon; mapahunubon; mapatuhu­ pon. II. n. igsusuyup; igpasunup; igpahunub; igpatuhup.

absorbing, adj. makalilingaw; maka­ pahinam ; makapaikag.

absorption, n. (absorbing) pagsuyup; pagsupsup; pagyupyup; pagpasu­ nup; pagpahunub; pagpatuhup; (be-ing absorbed) pagkasuyup; pagka­ supsup; pagkayupyup; (great in­ terest) kaikag; kahinam; kahina­ ngup.

abstain, v.t. (do without something) -dili; -durnill; (refrain) -pug6ng; (hold aloof; keep away from) -likay; (give up food or drink) -puasa; (refrain  from  eating  meat  on) -abstinensya (Span. abstinencia).

abstemious adj. (moderate and sparing in the use of food and drink) ma­ daginuton sa pagkaon, kun pag'i­ num; (non-indulgent) mapuasahon. abstention, n. pagdumm ; pagpug6ng; paglikay; pagpuasa.

abstinence, n. (act of practice of ab­ staining) pamuasa; (self denial) pagdili sa kaugalingon; pagpugong sa kaugalingon; (forebearance from the use of meat) puasa sa karne; abstinensya (Span. abstinen­ cia).

abstract, I. adj. (thought of apart from any real thing) bubo; hinubo­ an; hukas; hinukasan; (theoretical) sa hunahuna. lamang; sa pangag­ pas; (hard to understand; difficw9 ma lisud; malisud sabton; makuh; tulukibon. II. n. (a summary of a statement, etc.) tiningub; hinipos. in the abstract, sa hunahuna la­ mang. III. v.t. (take away) -kuha; (separate) -bulag; (withd_r w or divert/the      attention) -pahngaw; (steal) -kawat; (remove; gle n) -kutlo; -pupo; (think of a quality, such as beauty, etc. apart f om any real thing that has the quahty) -hunahuna.

abstracted,    adj.     (lost    in. though_t) naghinuktuk; (absent-mmded)   a­ bungaw; giang6ang6; nalimo.t; (d1 ­ jointed)  binulag;  (refined)  dmah-say.                          .

abstraction, n. (taking aw·ay) pag­ kuha; (squeezing out. as juice) pag­ puga; (something squeezed_ out) pinuga ; (concentration of mmd or attention) paghinuktuk: (a mere idea) mitna; hunahuna Iamang; (theory) pangagpas.

absurd, adj. (plainly not true) dili tinuud; (binakak; (contr. t}' to rea­ son) dili salabutnnon; d1li kntul'll nganon; wala'y katarungan ; (laugh­ able; ridiculous) kataw'anan; kala­ taw'anan; (si1ly; foolish) binuang; kinuwanggol; (wrong) sayup; (idio­ tic) binurong; tinagaw; (not sen­ sible) wala'y hinungdan; wala'y himbangkaagan; (incredible) dili katoohan.

abstruse, adj. (hard to understand) maJisud sabton; (hidden) tinago; Jinilong; (deep; profound) hala­ wurn; laglum (pl.) ; tulukibon; (mysterious) tanghagaon; (ob­ scure) rna/dulum; lub6g; hanap; rnakalilibog.

absurdity, n. (state of being absu.rd) pag/dili tinuud; pag/kabinakak; pag/kawala'y katarungan; pag/­ kadili katarungan; pag/kawala'y hinungdan; pag/kawala'y himbang­ kaagan;  pagkakalataw'anan;  pag1 .kabinuang; (that which is absurd) binakak; kalataw'anan; binuang.

abundance, n. (an overflowing quan­ tity or supply) kadaghan; (an over­ flowing fullness) kabuhong; kahu­ p6ng; kapuno; k.atugub; (richness) kaadunahan; kadato. Appear in abundance, -dagsang. appear season­ aJJy in abundance, -tugnos.

abundant, adj. daghan; buhong; hu­ p6ng; puno; tugub; adunahan; da­ to; nagdagsang. abundant catch of fish, dakong suhot sa mga isda.

abuse, f. v.t. (put to a wrong use; mis­ use) -dinaot paggamit; -gamit sa dili minaayo; (use immoderately) -lapas paggamit; -patuyang; -pasa­ gad; -pataka; (use foolishly) -usik'­ usik; -waldas; walda.swaldas; -kalas; -kalaskalas ; (do wrong to; malign) -daot;  among'among;   (ill-treat) -pasipala; -tampalas; -dagmal; -da- ogdaog; -lupig; (revile; insult) -hi­ maraol; -balikas: -insulto (Span.}: -yubit;        -Liaybiay;       -bugalbugal; (scold severely) -pangasaba; -panga­ bugho; (defile or- violate) -boong sa dungf)g sa; -himo'g law'ay sa; -hu­ gaw; -ulag. IT. n. (bad or improper use) daotan'g paggamit; (immode­ rate use) pagpaluyang; pagpasagnd · pagpataka; (uneconomical usik pag'usik; pag'usik'usik; pagwal(Jas; pa!(wal<laswaldas; pugkalas; pagk ­ laskalas; (ill-treatment) pag/pasipala; pag/tampalas; panampalas; pangdagmal; panglupig; pangdaog­ daog; pang'arnongamong; (malign­ ing; reviling) panghimaraot; pang­ balikas; insulto; pangyubit; pang­ biaybiay; pangbugalbugal; (scold­ ing) pangasaba; pangabugho; (vio­ lation) pangboong sa dungog; pang­ himo'g law'ay; pangulag.

abut, v.t. (touch along a border; border upon) -pidpid.

abysmal, adj. dili matugkad.

abyss, n. kahiladman ; dalama ; bung' aw; sulad.